Education

• Ph.D in Economics, Boston University USA 

Institutions / Affiliations

• Guru Besar Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia
• Master of Central Banking Advisory Board, Asia School of Business
• Professor di The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, a Graduate School of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (2001-sekarang)
• Senior visiting scholar di Institute of Southeast Asian Studies dan John. F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University (1998-2001)
• Gubernur Bank Indonesia (1993 -1998)
• Menteri Muda Perdagangan pada Kabinet Pembangunan V (1988 – 1993)

Areas of Expertise

Monetary Economics and Banking, International Trade and Development Economics